Situation, England & Wales, Scotland

WhatsApp and text messages as evidence in a UK employment tribunal

Workplace chats often decide what happened. Here is how to get them off your phone as a readable record, put them in the hearing bundle properly, and keep track of the deadlines that matter more than any of it.

Facts checked October 30, 2026, from 16 primary sources

On this page

Short answer

Yes, WhatsApp and text messages can be used in a UK employment tribunal. Tribunals treat them as documents like any other. Keep the full chat, export it rather than relying on screenshots, disclose relevant messages even when they hurt your case, and put the ones you rely on in the bundle in date order with page numbers and an index. Don't let the export wait on the deadline. For problems on or after 1 October 2026, most claims must reach Acas within 6 months minus 1 day.

General information, not legal advice. This page has not been reviewed by a lawyer. Rules differ by court and place, and they change. For advice on your situation, talk to a lawyer or a legal aid service.

Cover page of a Text Records PDF transcriptTranscript page with a date header and a time and sender on every message
A real Text Records PDF from a sample chat
Can a tribunal use WhatsApp messages?

Yes, they are documents like any other. The Presidential Guidance on general case management for England and Wales lists "emails, text messages and social media content" among the documents parties may need to disclose (Guidance Note 2, para 7). The tribunal decides how much weight a message carries, under rules whose overriding objective is to deal with cases fairly and justly. General information only, not advice about your case.

6 months − 1 dayTime limit for most claims when the problem happened on or after 1 October 2026acas.org.uk ↗
Up to 12 weeksHow long Acas early conciliation can lastacas.org.uk ↗
7 daysTime limit for interim relief claimsacas.org.uk ↗
Deadlines come before the export

Acas says the law on time limits changed on 1 October 2026 and that how long you have depends on when the problem happened. Before 1 October 2026: 3 months minus 1 day for most claims. On or after 1 October 2026: 6 months minus 1 day for most claims. In Scotland, breach of contract claims stay at 3 months minus 1 day until 9 November 2026. You must usually notify Acas before you claim, and notifying within the limit pauses it until early conciliation ends; you then have at least 1 month from the certificate. A grievance or appeal does not stop the clock. Check Acas's time limits page or an adviser for your own dates.

Getting the messages off your phone

Use each app's own export where it has one. It keeps every sender, date and time, and the original files.

WhatsApp export

  1. On iPhone, open the chat, tap the contact or group name, then Export chat. Choose Attach Media if photos or voice notes matter.
  2. Save the ZIP file somewhere safe, and keep it unchanged as your original.
  3. Turn the export into a dated, page-numbered PDF for the bundle. Our free WhatsApp to PDF tool does it in your browser without uploading anything.
Watch out for
  • View-once messages are not exported.
  • If Restricted chat, or the older Advanced Chat Privacy, is on, nobody in the chat can export it.
Best for
WhatsApp chats and groups
Time
A few minutes
Cost
Free

iPhone texts (iMessage and SMS)

  1. Set Settings › Apps › Messages › Keep Messages to Forever so older texts aren't removed.
  2. Print the conversation to PDF from a Mac, or use another method from our iPhone printing guide, so every message shows its sender, date and time.
Watch out for
  • Screenshots often leave out the phone number and exact times.
Best for
Texts with a manager or colleague
Time
10–30 minutes
Cost
Free to a few pounds

Work chat (Teams, Slack, email)

  1. Keep what you are allowed to keep, such as messages sent to you. Don't copy company files, client data or colleagues' private messages to a personal account.
  2. Ask for the rest through disclosure. The tribunal can order a party to disclose documents.
  3. You can also make a subject access request for your own personal data, including messages about you. The ICO says anyone can make one and organisations usually have one month to respond.
Watch out for
  • Exports from work systems usually need an administrator.
  • A subject access request can be refused in part and does not replace disclosure. Don't wait for the reply before contacting Acas.
Best for
Messages on systems your employer controls
Time
Varies
Cost
Free
Disclosure means the messages that hurt you too

Before the hearing, the parties usually exchange relevant documents under a timetable set by the tribunal. GOV.UK says you will have to share relevant documents "even if they do not help your case", and the 2018 Presidential Guidance says the same of documents "which may harm your case". Rule 33 lets the tribunal order disclosure of documents and information. Disclosure is wider than the bundle: a message can need disclosing even if nobody puts it in the bundle. Keep the whole chat, including your own replies.

Example bundle index with messages

A fictional index for a claimant's case. Your employer often prepares the bundle; either way, documents usually go in date order, with page 1 as the first page of the claim form and the index at the front.

PagesDocumentDate
1–14Claim form (ET1)9 Jul 2026
15–31Response (ET3)6 Aug 2026
32–40Contract of employment3 Mar 2024
41–46WhatsApp messages, A Khan and R Jones, messages 112–148 (export with media)12–14 Mar 2026
47Email, R Jones to A Khan, rota change14 Mar 2026
48–52Text messages, A Khan and HR (D Patel), from iPhone print to PDF20–27 Apr 2026
53–58Grievance letter and outcomeApr–May 2026

Describe each chat by who, which app and which dates, not "screenshots". Message numbers such as 112–148 match the numbers printed in a Text Records transcript, so a witness statement can say "bundle pages 41–42, messages 115–117".

Sources: citizensadvice.org.uk, judiciary.uk

What an electronic hearing file needs (England and Wales)

From the Presidential Guidance that took effect on 4 June 2026. It is required when the tribunal orders electronic documents and at least one party has a representative; unrepresented parties are encouraged to follow it as far as they can. In Scotland, follow the tribunal's case management orders.

RequirementWhat the guidance says
FormatDocuments, including witness statements, are PDFs. Pages are resized to A4, at no more than 300 dpi, with a searchable text layer.
IndexAt the front of the hearing file, hyperlinked, or saved as a separate PDF.
Page numbersNumbered electronically, not by hand, from page 1 in one sequence with no separately numbered sections, matching the PDF's own page numbers.
BookmarksBookmark significant documents, but not every single document.
Late additionsAdded at the end, not slotted into the middle.
Sending itThrough the digital portal where the case is on it; by email only if 20 MB or less; no cloud links or memory sticks without permission.

Sources: judiciary.uk

Tie each message to your witness statement

Your witness statement tells the story; the bundle holds the proof. Point to exact pages and messages: “On 14 March I told Ms Jones the rota change meant I couldn’t collect my son (bundle pages 41–42, messages 115–117).” Say how you know the account, for example that it is your manager’s work number, and say plainly if a name is only how you saved the contact.

Expect simple questions and answer them before they are asked: is this the whole conversation for that day, was there a call in between, is anything missing, and do you still have the phone? A short note about gaps, missing attachments or redactions is better than leaving the tribunal to guess.

Context and redaction

A few angry lines without what came before can backfire. Include enough of the conversation to show what each reply was answering. For a long group chat, agree a fair extract with the other side if you can, say what was left out, and keep the full export.

Make redactions only on a copy, mark them, and keep a list. Children’s details, medical information, home addresses and unrelated colleagues’ messages may need care. If you’re unsure, ask the tribunal for a direction rather than cutting material out yourself.

Final hearings are normally held in public under rule 57, and decisions are published on GOV.UK. Don’t share the bundle beyond the tribunal and the other side.

Where to get help

Acas runs early conciliation and explains time limits. Citizens Advice, a trade union, a law centre or an employment adviser can help with disclosure, the bundle and your witness statement. Get advice quickly if you’re near a deadline, if you may need interim relief (7 days), or if the case involves discrimination, whistleblowing or sensitive personal information.

Before you send the bundle

  • Every message page is readable at normal zoom and shows the sender, date and time.
  • Each chat extract includes enough messages before and after to show what prompted a reply.
  • Names match the phone numbers or usernames, and you say if a name is just how you saved the contact.
  • Every index entry lands on the right page, and witness statements quote the right page numbers.
  • Redactions are marked, made on a copy, and listed. The original export is kept unchanged.
  • Dates use one format throughout, so 03/04 can't be read as March or April.

What an export can't do

  • It shows what was in the chat when you exported it, not who was holding the phone.
  • It cannot bring back deleted, expired or view-once messages.
  • It does not decide what the tribunal accepts or how much weight a message gets.
  • It does not calculate your time limit. Acas or an adviser can help with that.

Turn a chat into a numbered transcript

Text Records exports a WhatsApp or Messages chat on your iPhone as a PDF with a sender, date and time on every message, numbered messages you can cite from a bundle, and a check file. Nothing is uploaded.

  • Sender, date and time on every message
  • Processed on your iPhone, nothing uploaded
  • Free to import, review and preview; prices shown before you start
Download on the App StoreDownload on the App Store

Text Records is an iPhone app

Point your iPhone camera at the code to install it. No account needed.

Questions people ask

Are WhatsApp messages admissible in a UK employment tribunal?

They can be used. Relevant messages are disclosed like other documents and can go in the bundle, and the tribunal decides what it takes into account and how much weight to give each message.

Do I need to disclose WhatsApp messages that don't help my case?

If they are relevant, usually yes. GOV.UK says you will have to share relevant documents even if they do not help your case. Follow the tribunal's order.

Are screenshots of messages enough?

They can be used, but they often miss the phone number, exact times and what came before. An export keeps every message with its sender and time. If you use screenshots, overlap them so nothing is missing between pages.

Can I get WhatsApp or Teams messages my employer holds about me?

Ask for relevant ones through disclosure. You can also make a subject access request for your personal data; the ICO says organisations usually have one month to respond. Don't wait for either before contacting Acas about your time limit.

How do I print WhatsApp messages for a tribunal?

Export the chat from WhatsApp, keep the ZIP, and turn it into a dated, page-numbered PDF with a free converter. For iPhone texts, see how to print iPhone texts.

Who prepares the bundle?

The tribunal's case management order says. Citizens Advice notes that the employer usually produces it; you still send the documents you rely on and check the index.

Does a grievance stop the tribunal time limit?

No. Acas says grievance, disciplinary and appeal procedures do not change your time limit, so notify Acas in time even if they are still going on.

Will my messages be made public?

Final hearings are normally held in public, and tribunal decisions are published on GOV.UK. Ask the tribunal about privacy orders if a message contains sensitive personal information, and redact only with its agreement.

Can I use a secret recording as well?

Recordings raise separate questions about privacy, fairness and the tribunal's directions. Get advice before making, transcribing or relying on one.

Related guides and tools

Sources

Checked on October 30, 2026. Platforms and rules change. If something is out of date, tell us.

  1. Employment tribunal time limitsAcas
  2. How the process works, early conciliationAcas
  3. The Employment Rights Act 2025 (Commencement No. 5 and Transitional Provisions) (Amendment) Regulations 2026legislation.gov.uk
  4. Employment Tribunal Procedure Rules 2024, rule 3 (overriding objective)legislation.gov.uk
  5. Employment Tribunal Procedure Rules 2024, rule 33 (disclosure of documents and information)legislation.gov.uk
  6. Employment Tribunal Procedure Rules 2024, rule 57 (final hearing held in public)legislation.gov.uk
  7. Presidential Guidance: mode and listing of hearings, remote participation and electronic documents (4 June 2026)Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
  8. Presidential Guidance: General Case Management, Guidance Note 2 (2018)Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
  9. Directions for employment tribunals (Scotland)Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
  10. After you make a claim to an employment tribunalGOV.UK
  11. Employment tribunal decisionsGOV.UK
  12. Preparing an employment tribunal case (England)Citizens Advice
  13. Getting copies of your information (SAR)Information Commissioner's Office
  14. How to export your chat historyWhatsApp
  15. About restricted chatWhatsApp
  16. Delete messages and attachments in Messages on iPhoneApple